PHARMALIEGE

India’s healthcare system has been battling various issues, including the low number of institutions and less-than-adequate human resources for quite a while now. Essentially, a three-tier structure defined the Indian healthcare system- primary, secondary, and tertiary care services. The Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) states that the delivery of primary healthcare is provided to the rural population through sub-center, primary health center (PHC), and community health center (CHC), while secondary care is delivered through district and sub-district hospitals. On the other hand, tertiary care is extended at regional/central level institutions or super-specialty hospitals. While there is an urgency to focus on all the three levels of primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare, it is imperative that the government look towards improving primary healthcare as a public good. Reasons of struggling India’s healthcare system: Lack of infrastructure. Shortage of efficient and trained...

The rising cases of Black Fungus infection in several states of India, four cases of White Fungus infection have been reported from Patna in Bihar. It is to be noted that White Fungus is considered more dangerous than Black Fungus. As the central government asks states to notify black fungus or mucormycosis an epidemic, an infection called white fungus has also been found to affect some people. White Fungus infection is more dangerous than black fungus infection because it affects lungs as well as other parts of the body including nails, skin, stomach, kidney, brain, private parts and mouth. White fungus also infects the lungs and an infection similar to COVID-19 is detected when HRCT is performed on the infected patient. Causes of White Fungus: This infection can be caused due to low immunity, or if people come in contact with things that contain these moulds like water, etc. Thus, sanitation is important to prevent this infection. Risk factors: COVID-19 patients are more pr...

An anti-COVID-19 therapeutic application of the drug 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) has been developed by the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), a lab of Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), in collaboration with Dr Reddy’s Laboratories (DRL), Hyderabad. Clinical trial results have shown that this molecule helps in faster recovery of hospitalized patients and reduces supplemental oxygen dependence.   Phase-I Trial: In April 2020 , during the first wave of the pandemic, INMAS-DRDO scientists conducted laboratory experiments with the help of Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) and found that this molecule works effectively against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and inhibits viral growth. Based on these results, DCGI and CDSCO permitted  Phase-II clinical trial of 2-DG in COVID-19 ppatients in May 2020.   Phase-II Trial: In Phase-II trials conducted during May to October 2020 , the drug was found to be safe in COVID-19 patients ...

  ·        Covid-19 Vaccines: Manufacturing company /Institute Name of Vaccine SSI Covishield(Chimpanzee adenovirus) Bharat biotech Covaxin(Inactivated virus) Zydus Cadila ZycoV-D (Plasmid DNA vaccine) Hetero biopharma SputnikV(cold type of virus) Dr.Reddys laboratories Sputnik V (cold type of virus) Panacea Biotech Covaxin(Inactivated virus) German company CVnCoV(mRNA-based vaccine) Geneva HGCO19(mRNA-based vaccine) Oxford University AstraZeneca (adenovirus) China’s Wuhan institute Sinopharm,Sinovac(Inactivated virus) Sinovac biotech Ltd Chinese company Coronavac (Inactivated virus) US national institute Moderna (mRNA-based vacc...

  Nowadays Mucormycosis (Black fungal disease) is infected peoples with COVID-19. It is a fungal infection that occurs by mold  mucormycetes . It enters from the nose then transfer to the eyes and then the brain when the infection is in the brain then it is deadly so in this condition, the eye is removed by surgery. Firstly, in Ahmednagar patients found which are infected by this black fungus, in the last 15 days, 40 patients found in Surat and 6 patients in 2 days in Delhi which are suffering from Mucormycosis. Risk Factor: 1.       Diabetic ketoacidosis. 2.       Increase Iron load. 3.       End stage renal disease. 4.       Patient taking Iron therapy. 5.       Defect in phagocytic function. Symptom: 1.       Nasal obstruction. 2.       Bloody nasal discharge. 3.       Facial pain. 4. ...